India Fertility Industry Hit with Another Blow & Americans Giving Birth Overseas Using an Egg Donor

In an article that was just posted in India, controvery continues to follow India and its fertility industry.  In this article entitled rightly so, "In the Womb of Controversy," the writer states the following:

"As high drama is being played out in Indian courts over surrogacy issues, the US consulate in Chennai, perhaps worried about the rash of litigations has decided to tighten its visa processing norms, particularly for couples coming to the city for fertility treatment and assisted reproduction.

About a month ago, Vimala (name changed), a US citizen, returning home after delivering a healthy baby boy, was put through a grilling at the US consulate in Chennai when she went to obtain a passport for her new-born. On learning that she had conceived the child with the help of donor eggs (through assisted reproduction by transfer of eggs or oocytes donated by another woman), the consulate declined to recognise her as the biological mother.

"The father's name and mother's name are mentioned in the consular report of birth. This certificate is issued to recognise a US citizen child born outside the country. But the certificate for my son does not list me as the mother. I had to go through a lawyer to process adoption in the US and get the certificate amended to incorporate my name," Vimala said in a communication to her doctor.
The incident triggered protests among a section of fertility experts in Chennai and kicked off a debate on personal privacy and patient confidentiality and the need for laws. "The laws in India and those of countries from where patients come for treatment should be made clear. Our guidelines state that a surrogate mother gives a written undertaking relinquishing all rights over the child, and the same applies to an egg donor as well," pointed out Dr Priya Selvaraj of the Chennai-based GG hospital.

Dr Falguni Bavishi of the Ahmedabad-based Bavishi Fertility Institute insisted that none of her patients, five so far from the US and who delivered through donor eggs, faced 'harassment' at the consulate. "We made it clear to the consulate that the delivery was through egg donation," she said.

With the Assisted Reproductive Technology (Regulation) Bill 2008 still in the cans, India's stand on issues relating to surrogacy remains a set of guidelines on paper. Said Dr PM Bhargava, the chief architect of the Bill and former member of National Knowledge Commission: "The draft bill clearly says that if anyone from outside the country wishes to have a child using ART procedure, they have to produce evidence that they can take back the child without problems."

According to Bhargava, one of the architects of the Bill, issues relating to surrogacy have been addressed in the proposed legislation. "We had foreseen problems like this (the legal tussle between divorced Japanese parents and their daughter Manjhi Yamada, born from an Indian surrogate mother and the case of the German couple fighting for citizenship for their twins)," he said.

In the case of the German couple, the Supreme Court has suggested that adoption would be the only way out for their surrogate twins.

Authorities in Germany, which does not recognise surrogacy, were willing to consider their application for a temporary visa for the twins for initiation of adoption process.

US consulate officials declined to comment, merely citing the US Federal statutes governing acquisition of US citizenship by birth abroad to a US citizen parent. Section 7 FAM 1131.4-2 (Citizenship in Artificial and In Vitro Insemination Cases) states that "a child born abroad to a surrogate mother who is the blood mother (that is, who was the egg-donor) and whose father was a US citizen is treated for citizenship purposes as a child born out of wedlock".

But with the ART bill gathering dust and India emerging as a major hub for transcultural surrogacy, the country could well see more cases like that of Jan Balaz and Susan Lohle, the German couple battling to save their surrogate twins from becoming stateless citizens. "

However, women using egg donors and giving birth overseas anywhere need to be aware of this issue, as I have seen it several times in Israel, as well as other countries.  Currently, you will have to do an adoption once you return home to the US if you inform them that an egg donor was used.  Be careful!  And, again this is why it is important to do your research beforehand.

Friday Legal Updates™ - Embryo Mix-Ups, India Surrogacy, Lesbians Settle Lawsuit, Indiana Triplet Update & Texas Gay Divorce

TGIF, fellow bloggers and readers.  We have more information on the embryo mix-up case, as well as a new development in India with Baby Manji and the Louisiana clinic that mislabeled embryos.  Happy reading!

California - the lesbian couple who sued the clinic in San Diego for refusing IVF treatment based on their sexual orientation has settled.  According to a joint statement, the defendants are "sincerely sorry that Ms. Benitez and Ms. Clark have felt this way, and have never meant to treat Ms. Benitez with disrespect."

"Defendants want all of their patients, including those who are lesbian and gay, to feel welcome and accepted in their medical practice, and are committed to treating all of their patients with equal dignity and respect in the context of the highest quality of medical care."

Benitez sued, and the case went all the way to the state Supreme Court, which ruled last year that Benitez was entitled to be treated like other patients with her same health problem, and that constitutional protections for religious liberty do not excuse unlawful discrimination.

"I didn't look for this fight, my doctors forced it on me," said Benitez, now a mother of three.

"We felt helpless, humiliated and trapped, and it's been a long, hard fight to get to this point," she said. "But we know we've made a difference in the law that will help people in California and hopefully, across the country. We are very proud of that."   Bravo!

IndianaA 62-year-old New Jersey man who adopted twins born to a surrogate mother in Indiana must go through the adoption process again, Indiana's Supreme Court ruled.

Reaffirming its earlier decision, the court said child-welfare officials in New Jersey must determine whether Stephen F. Melinger can 

provide a safe and stable home for the twins, Kathy Zee and Karen Zaria Melinger, who were born in April 2005, the Indianapolis Star reported Thursday.

The girls, now 4, can stay with Melinger in New Jersey while he goes through the adoption process again, the Star said.

The court expressed concerns about false statements by Steven Litz, a lawyer who represents Melinger and owns a firm that solicits clients and surrogate mothers on the Internet.  

provide a safe and stable home for the twins, Kathy Zee and Karen Zaria Melinger, who were born in April 2005, the Indianapolis Star reported Thursday.

The girls, now 4, can stay with Melinger in New Jersey while he goes through the adoption process again, the Star said.

The court expressed concerns about false statements by Steven Litz, a lawyer who represents Melinger and owns a firm that solicits clients and surrogate mothers on the Internet.

During adoption proceedings, the high court found, Litz had told a Indiana, court Melinger lived in Indianapolis when in fact he had lived in Union City, N.J., for 10 years. Litz also had indicated the surrogate mother was inseminated with sperm from Melinger and another donor when Melinger actually did not donate sperm, the court found.

TexasA Texas judge has cleared the way for two Dallas men to get a divorce, ruling that Texas' ban on same-sex marriage violates the constitutional guarantee to equal protection under the law. District Judge Tena Callahan's ruled Thursday that the court "has jurisdiction to hear a suit for divorce filed by persons legally married in another jurisdiction."

Texas Attorney General Greg Abbott has argued that because the state doesn't recognize gay marriage, its courts can't dissolve one through divorce. Voters approved a state constitutional amendment banning gay marriage in 2005.

Abbott says he'll appeal the ruling.

"The laws and constitution of the State of Texas define marriage as an institution involving one man and one woman," Abbott said in a written statement. "Today's ruling purports to strike down that constitutional definition — despite the fact that it was recently adopted by 75% of Texas voters."

Embryos Mix Up Updates - Ohio & Louisiana - Updates on these cases, as well as a response by the Ohio clinic and the ASRM. 

A Lafourche Parish (Louisiana) couple said that Ochsner Hospital Elmwood can't find four embryos that its fertility clinic froze more than two years ago.  Kim and Abraham Whitney "hoped (that one of) these embryos would be their future child and a sibling to their only child," said their attorney, Melanie Lagarde, who earlier this month filed suit on behalf of the Whitneys against Ochsner and the embryologist they believe was responsible.

This is the second class-action lawsuit filed against the clinic in recent months. In July, a St. Charles Parish couple, Heather and Duane Hebert, filed suit after a pair of embryos they had frozen also disappeared.

The Heberts were also notified that, even if genetic testing could determine which embryos were theirs, they would not be able to implant them because the Food and Drug Administration found that required screenings for sexually transmitted disease were not done prior to freezing, the lawsuit stated.

The clinic in Ohio responsible for the embryo mix-up between a Metro Detroit couple and a Toledo couple is promising it will "never happen again," the attorney for the clinic announced Friday.

"This has never happened to this medical practice before, and they are working day and night so that it will never happen again," Paul Manion, a Detroit attorney, said in a prepared statement.

Manion declined to name the clinic. But he said an unfortunate mistake had been made and, when it was discovered, the families were immediately notified.

Mixups Increase Scrutiny of Fertility Clinics

However, in a statement released today, ASRM executive director Robert W. Rebar said:

"Even with these efforts, the incidents reported this week make it clear that there is still work to do. As the leaders in reproductive medicine, we will redouble our efforts to develop systems that will assure our patients and the public that these kinds of mistakes will not happen. 
 
"The time has come for policy makers to sit down with the leading experts in the field to explore ways we can codify our standards to give them additional regulatory teeth.
 
"We will lead an effort involving our members, representatives of patient groups, policy makers and other stakeholders to work together to come up with solutions."

India - First, the Health Ministry in India send ART bill to law ministry for vetting.  The Bill is expected to find its way to the Union cabinet soon for its approval once it gets the Law Ministry's nod.

The Bill is being introduced to regulate thousands of infertility clinics that have mushroomed in the country over the past several years. The Bill will define the establishment and functioning of these clinics.

Senior Health Ministry officials confirmed that the Indian Council for Medical Research (ICMR) has finalised the redrafting of the Bill and the ministry has sent the Bill to the law ministry for its opinion. After getting the approval from the Union cabinet, the Bill be introduced in Parliament for final seal of approval before implementing it in the country.

Sources said that the ministry had incorporated several changes in the final draft as it had received a large number of suggestions and comments from foreign countries, embassies, legal institutions, international institutions, experts and others on the draft bill. The government had late last year published the draft bill and had invited suggestions and comments from the public on the proposed bill. The Bill, drafted by an 11-member expert committee appointed by the health ministry, proposes to establish a National Advisory Board and state Boards to regulate and supervise the establishment and functioning of the infertility clinics in the country.

The bill, once it gets the Parliament nod, will provide for a national framework for the regulation and supervision of assisted reproductive technology (better known as infertility clinics) and matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. Apart from putting strict parameters for the establishment of an infertility clinic, the Bill also defines the minimum requirement regarding staff in an infertility clinic and minimal physical requirements for a clinic.

Again, still no laws in India, so parents beware.  Plus, a suit has been filed to stop baby Manji from leaving the country.  The Jaipur bench of Rajasthan High Court on Tuesday issued notices to the union and the state home departments asking them to produce the Japanese surrogate baby Manji in court within four weeks and explain why the baby was being allowed to be taken to Japan. A division bench of Justice R C Gandhi and Justice Guman Singh issued notices citing ambiguity regarding surrogacy in India. The baby is at present in a Jaipur hospital under the supervision of her Japanese grandmother.

The notice was issued on a habeas corpus petition filed by a Jaipur-based NGO, SATYA, alleging that in the absence of any surrogacy law in the country, the surrogate child born out of the sperm of a Japanese father could not be kept in the custody of her Japanese grandmother, Emiko.

Fertility Tourism - Where Do You Go From Here?

Depending upon who you talk to - fertility tourism may or may not be a good thing?  In my opinion, if you are working with a reputable clinic/company, it is a good thing.  But, where do you find these clinics, and how do you truly know if they are reputable, success, etc. as it may be the clinic/company themselves posing as a patient on a forum?  As I noted in an earlier blog piece, I was appalled (naively, I must admit) that this sort of unethical practice is going on here right in my own back yard. 

Besides those forums, I think that Parents, Surrogates, and Donors must absolutely EDUCATE and INFORM themselves, instead of becoming another horror story.  Not everyone has the funds to keep trying once things go badly. 

In fact, I will be speaking on this on my radio show, Surrogacy Lawyer Radio on Blog Talk Radio this Friday on how to ask the right questions, get referrals (not just via the internet), and ask more questions. 

In addition, my recent concern over fertility tourism outside of the US, where I am very familiar and aware of reputations, etc. is a blog post written by a woman with alot of information regarding India.  Note, she did get her child from India via surrogacy, but she had alot of concerns, as did the comments from others.  It is worth a read.

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IVF & Surrogacy in India - an Update

With fertility tourism on the rise, as we all know, I like to keep you informed of perspectives that come across my desk so that you can decide how to proceed with your eyes wide open.  Specifically, how does one handle that there are no laws that regulate IVF and surrogacy in India?  Does that concern you?  Or, are you willing to overlook these issues to have a baby?  I would like to hear your thoughts on this author's perspective:

"There is no doubt that IVF technology represents one of modern medicine’s success stories. Using IVF , we can help couples who could never have a baby with any other technique to start their own family.

However, woe betide the patient who ends up in a bad IVF clinic ! For example , one of the IVF clinics in New Delhi is owned by a skin specialist. This doctor, who is not even a gynecologist , offers IVF treatment ! Not only are your chances of getting pregnant in a bad IVF clinic very low, you also run a major risk of losing a lot of time, money and energy. Not only do you pour your money down the drain, you also end up losing confidence in IVF technology, thus depriving yourself of your best chance of having a baby . And when you do find out afterwards that the IVF clinic you selected was a bad one, there is little you can do about it ! Blaming yourself or cursing the doctor afterwards does not help, which is why you need to be very careful when deciding which clinic in which to do your treatment ! Caveat emptor - and this is why it's very important that you do your homework carefully - you are making a major investment !"

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